2011 Vol. 29, No. 2
Display Method:
2011, 29(2): 81-82,88.
Abstract:
The NALP3 inflammasome , a novel discovered plasmosin , is in-volved in immune inflammatory response . Recent studies indicated that the NALP3 inflammasome had close association with Alzheimer's disease . In this paper , the association of the NALP3 inflammasome with Alzheimer's disease development was reviewed, in order to provide the theoretical basis and new strategies for application of the NALP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment .
The NALP3 inflammasome , a novel discovered plasmosin , is in-volved in immune inflammatory response . Recent studies indicated that the NALP3 inflammasome had close association with Alzheimer's disease . In this paper , the association of the NALP3 inflammasome with Alzheimer's disease development was reviewed, in order to provide the theoretical basis and new strategies for application of the NALP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment .
2011, 29(2): 83-88.
Abstract:
Danshensu is the major water-soluble phenolic acids of Danshen. It possessed diverse pharmacological effects, especially the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. Due to its significant pharmacological activities, synthesis of danshensu derivatives attracted much attention. A systematic review about Danshensu derivatives were carried out in this paper. It was hoped to provide some references to the resource exploitations of the danshensu derivatives.
Danshensu is the major water-soluble phenolic acids of Danshen. It possessed diverse pharmacological effects, especially the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. Due to its significant pharmacological activities, synthesis of danshensu derivatives attracted much attention. A systematic review about Danshensu derivatives were carried out in this paper. It was hoped to provide some references to the resource exploitations of the danshensu derivatives.
2011, 29(2): 89-92,116.
Abstract:
In the last few years, inhibitors of the type 2 sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLT2) had been the subject of novel approach to treating diabetes. SGLT2 played a major role in physiology of glucose reabsorption from proximal part of kidney. The blockade of SGLT2 in the kidney had the potential to prompts urinary excretion of glucose and promotes normalization of blood glucose without hypoglycemia in the setting of type 2 diabetes. Clinical trails showed that their efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes was promising; Weight loss and very low risk of hypoglycemia were the potential benefits of these inhibitors. Some of these inhibitors had been developed and advanced to late phase clinical testing.
In the last few years, inhibitors of the type 2 sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLT2) had been the subject of novel approach to treating diabetes. SGLT2 played a major role in physiology of glucose reabsorption from proximal part of kidney. The blockade of SGLT2 in the kidney had the potential to prompts urinary excretion of glucose and promotes normalization of blood glucose without hypoglycemia in the setting of type 2 diabetes. Clinical trails showed that their efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes was promising; Weight loss and very low risk of hypoglycemia were the potential benefits of these inhibitors. Some of these inhibitors had been developed and advanced to late phase clinical testing.
2011, 29(2): 93-96,119.
Abstract:
Objective To review the micro-dialysis coupled with chromatographic technologies in pharmaceutical analysis in vivo. Methods The relevant literatures were collected to make a summary of microdialysis coupled with chromatography technology in pharmaceutical analysis in vivo. Results and Conclusions As a new sampling technology, microdialysis coupled with LC-MS had advantages of high sensitive, fast, simple, less interference, and no sample preparation. This technology had been rapidly promoted and applied, especially in the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies which had broad application prospects.
Objective To review the micro-dialysis coupled with chromatographic technologies in pharmaceutical analysis in vivo. Methods The relevant literatures were collected to make a summary of microdialysis coupled with chromatography technology in pharmaceutical analysis in vivo. Results and Conclusions As a new sampling technology, microdialysis coupled with LC-MS had advantages of high sensitive, fast, simple, less interference, and no sample preparation. This technology had been rapidly promoted and applied, especially in the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies which had broad application prospects.
2011, 29(2): 97-100.
Abstract:
Objective To express and purify the human ribosomal protein S3a and study the subcellular localization of human ribosomal protein S3a. Methods The RPS3a gene was obtained by RT-PCR, total RNA extracted from human HEK293 cell as the template,and cloned into the prokaryotic expressing vector PET-21a to form PET21a-RPS3a, then transferred into (Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3). PET21a-RPS3a was highly expressed in (Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3) in the presence of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and most products existed in a soluble form. After ultrasonication, recombinant fusion proteins were purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography and 50 kD ultrafiltration membrane, the purity of RPS3a was further confirmed by Western Blot analysis. The full sequence of RPS3a gene was recombined in the downstream of the green fluorescent protein gene in the EGFP-N1 vector.The recombined pEGFP-N1-RPS3a vector was transfected into human kidney epithelial cells (293 cells), through the subcellular localization, which was observed RPS3a recombinant fluorescent protein in the cell distribution. Results The higher purity of recombinant fusion protein was obtained. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that RPS3a recombinant fluorescent protein distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Conclusion The recombinant fusion protein PET21a-RPS3a was successfully cloned, expressed, purified. Application of subcellular localization raises the foundation to the study on nature and function of human RPS3a protein.
Objective To express and purify the human ribosomal protein S3a and study the subcellular localization of human ribosomal protein S3a. Methods The RPS3a gene was obtained by RT-PCR, total RNA extracted from human HEK293 cell as the template,and cloned into the prokaryotic expressing vector PET-21a to form PET21a-RPS3a, then transferred into (Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3). PET21a-RPS3a was highly expressed in (Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3) in the presence of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and most products existed in a soluble form. After ultrasonication, recombinant fusion proteins were purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography and 50 kD ultrafiltration membrane, the purity of RPS3a was further confirmed by Western Blot analysis. The full sequence of RPS3a gene was recombined in the downstream of the green fluorescent protein gene in the EGFP-N1 vector.The recombined pEGFP-N1-RPS3a vector was transfected into human kidney epithelial cells (293 cells), through the subcellular localization, which was observed RPS3a recombinant fluorescent protein in the cell distribution. Results The higher purity of recombinant fusion protein was obtained. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that RPS3a recombinant fluorescent protein distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Conclusion The recombinant fusion protein PET21a-RPS3a was successfully cloned, expressed, purified. Application of subcellular localization raises the foundation to the study on nature and function of human RPS3a protein.
2011, 29(2): 101-104,108.
Abstract:
Objective To prepare felodipine sustained release tablet and evaluate the similitude of release rate with original preparation. Methods Matrix technology was used. felodipine sustained release tablet was prepared through studying the influence of matrix material sorts, viscosity, quantity, fillers and process. The similitude of release rateof SR tablet were evaluated in 4 kinds of pH media with original preparation. Results The release rate of felodipine sustained release tablet which was prepared by HPMC as matrix material ,applied by wet granulation with alcohol content of 80% and granulation time of 40 sec, was similar to original preparation with the hardness between 50~70 N. F2 functions of release rate in 4 kinds of pH media were all exceed 50. Conclusions Release rate of felodipine sustained release tablet prepared was similar to original preparation.
Objective To prepare felodipine sustained release tablet and evaluate the similitude of release rate with original preparation. Methods Matrix technology was used. felodipine sustained release tablet was prepared through studying the influence of matrix material sorts, viscosity, quantity, fillers and process. The similitude of release rateof SR tablet were evaluated in 4 kinds of pH media with original preparation. Results The release rate of felodipine sustained release tablet which was prepared by HPMC as matrix material ,applied by wet granulation with alcohol content of 80% and granulation time of 40 sec, was similar to original preparation with the hardness between 50~70 N. F2 functions of release rate in 4 kinds of pH media were all exceed 50. Conclusions Release rate of felodipine sustained release tablet prepared was similar to original preparation.
2011, 29(2): 105-108.
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the decolorization technology of Oxytropis falcata total flavones with active carbon. Methonds Temperature, stirring time and the content of active carbon were used as the orthogonal experiment factors. The colour of filtrate, the ultraviolet absorption between 260 nm to 420 nm and the content of total flavones were set as the indexes to investigate the optimal decolorization technology. Results The optimal decolorization technology was achieved under the condition as 40 ℃, stirring 5 min with 1% active carbon. Conclusion The decolorization technology is feasible which had good decolorization result and could hold effective ingredient.
Objective To optimize the decolorization technology of Oxytropis falcata total flavones with active carbon. Methonds Temperature, stirring time and the content of active carbon were used as the orthogonal experiment factors. The colour of filtrate, the ultraviolet absorption between 260 nm to 420 nm and the content of total flavones were set as the indexes to investigate the optimal decolorization technology. Results The optimal decolorization technology was achieved under the condition as 40 ℃, stirring 5 min with 1% active carbon. Conclusion The decolorization technology is feasible which had good decolorization result and could hold effective ingredient.
2011, 29(2): 109-110,130.
Abstract:
Objective To estiblish a method of determining sodium Danshensu in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Methods sodium Danshensu was extrated for determination by HPLC-MS/MS. Analytical column was Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×200 mm ,5 μm). The mobile phase was methanolwater (0.01‰ formic acid )= 8020. Mass spectrum conditions were ESI performing in the MRM mode using target ions m/z 197→135 (Sodium Danshensu), m/z 253→209 (ketoprofen). Results The calibration curve was liner over the range of 10.6~1 060 ng/ml. The LLOQ of sodium Danshensu in plasma was 10.6 ng/ml. The intra-day and inter-day RSD were<7.8%. The extracted recovery was ranged from 99% to 102%. Conclusion The method was sensitive, rapid, simple and accurate to sodium Danshensu plasma concertration and suitable to study preclinical test of sodium Danshensu.
Objective To estiblish a method of determining sodium Danshensu in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Methods sodium Danshensu was extrated for determination by HPLC-MS/MS. Analytical column was Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×200 mm ,5 μm). The mobile phase was methanolwater (0.01‰ formic acid )= 8020. Mass spectrum conditions were ESI performing in the MRM mode using target ions m/z 197→135 (Sodium Danshensu), m/z 253→209 (ketoprofen). Results The calibration curve was liner over the range of 10.6~1 060 ng/ml. The LLOQ of sodium Danshensu in plasma was 10.6 ng/ml. The intra-day and inter-day RSD were<7.8%. The extracted recovery was ranged from 99% to 102%. Conclusion The method was sensitive, rapid, simple and accurate to sodium Danshensu plasma concertration and suitable to study preclinical test of sodium Danshensu.
2011, 29(2): 111-113.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of pravastatin on nitric oxide production in endothelial progenitor cells. Methods Total mononuclear cells(MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation,and cultured in vitro. After 7 days of culture, attached cells were stimulated with pravastatin (10 and 100 μmol／L) for 48 h. The cells were identified by immuno-histochemistry and flow cytometry and tested the ability to intake the acLDL. The content of NO and the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS) mRNA were tested. Results Compared with control group, the content of NO and the level of eNOS of pravastatin group increased obviously (P<0. 05). Conclusions Pravastatin could increase the production of nitric oxide and the expression of eNOS mRNA in EPCs, which could improve blood vessel endothelium function.
Objective To investigate the effects of pravastatin on nitric oxide production in endothelial progenitor cells. Methods Total mononuclear cells(MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation,and cultured in vitro. After 7 days of culture, attached cells were stimulated with pravastatin (10 and 100 μmol／L) for 48 h. The cells were identified by immuno-histochemistry and flow cytometry and tested the ability to intake the acLDL. The content of NO and the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS) mRNA were tested. Results Compared with control group, the content of NO and the level of eNOS of pravastatin group increased obviously (P<0. 05). Conclusions Pravastatin could increase the production of nitric oxide and the expression of eNOS mRNA in EPCs, which could improve blood vessel endothelium function.
2011, 29(2): 114-116.
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the synthesis of photosensitizer purpurin-18(1). Methods Target compound 1 was synthesized through air oxidation and simultaneously ring cleavage of pheophorbide a (2) in presence of alkali. Four main factors influencing synthetic yield of 1 such as reaction time (A), concentration of potassium hydroxide (B), solvent (C) and weight ratio of material 2 to potassium hydroxide (D),which was chosed three levels respectively,were evaluated by the orthogonal experimental design of L9 (34). Results The optimization term of the synthesis of target compound 1 was B1C2A2D2. The yield of 1 was raised from 34.4% to 45.6%. Conclusion The yield was raised. The reaction time was shortened and the toxic solvent was removed. The procedure was suitable for industrial production.
Objective To optimize the synthesis of photosensitizer purpurin-18(1). Methods Target compound 1 was synthesized through air oxidation and simultaneously ring cleavage of pheophorbide a (2) in presence of alkali. Four main factors influencing synthetic yield of 1 such as reaction time (A), concentration of potassium hydroxide (B), solvent (C) and weight ratio of material 2 to potassium hydroxide (D),which was chosed three levels respectively,were evaluated by the orthogonal experimental design of L9 (34). Results The optimization term of the synthesis of target compound 1 was B1C2A2D2. The yield of 1 was raised from 34.4% to 45.6%. Conclusion The yield was raised. The reaction time was shortened and the toxic solvent was removed. The procedure was suitable for industrial production.
2011, 29(2): 117-119.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cimetidine on Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Methonds 80 MPI patients were selected and randomized into the observation group and the control group averagely. The two groups were treated with azithromycin, while the observation group was given cimetidine additionally. Peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) and total IgE (T-IgE) were detected before and after the treatment which were used to evaluated the effects of cimetidine. Results The cure rate of observation group was 60.00%s and significantly higher than that of the control group which was 37.50% There was statistically significant of the cure rate (P<0.05, see Table 1) between two groups. The EOS level of the observation group decreased significantly after a course of treatment (P<0.001, see Table 2), the EOS level of the control group also decreased but had no significant difference (P>0.05) with the level before treatment. T-IgE level of two groups nearly had no change. The observation group occurred 1case of rash and 1 case of gastrointestinal reaction. The control group occurred 3 cases of gastrointestinal reactions and 2 cases of rash. The adverse reaction rate of two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Cimetidine for adjuvant treatment of MPI with azithromycin is efficiency and safety which should be recommended in clinic.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cimetidine on Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Methonds 80 MPI patients were selected and randomized into the observation group and the control group averagely. The two groups were treated with azithromycin, while the observation group was given cimetidine additionally. Peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) and total IgE (T-IgE) were detected before and after the treatment which were used to evaluated the effects of cimetidine. Results The cure rate of observation group was 60.00%s and significantly higher than that of the control group which was 37.50% There was statistically significant of the cure rate (P<0.05, see Table 1) between two groups. The EOS level of the observation group decreased significantly after a course of treatment (P<0.001, see Table 2), the EOS level of the control group also decreased but had no significant difference (P>0.05) with the level before treatment. T-IgE level of two groups nearly had no change. The observation group occurred 1case of rash and 1 case of gastrointestinal reaction. The control group occurred 3 cases of gastrointestinal reactions and 2 cases of rash. The adverse reaction rate of two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Cimetidine for adjuvant treatment of MPI with azithromycin is efficiency and safety which should be recommended in clinic.
2011, 29(2): 120-121,148.
Abstract:
Objective To establish the method of bacterial endotoxin test for compound sodium lactate injection No.3. Methods The method based on the bacterial endotoxin test in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2005 edition was used. Results Neither inhibition nor enhancement was found in the bacterial eddotoxin interfere factors test after the drug was diluted and the sensitivity of TAL was 0.25 EU/ml. Conclusion The results suggested that bacterial endotoxin test was suitable for the detection of endotoxin in compound sodium lactate injection No.3 and the bacterial endotoxin limit is 0.5 EU/ml.
Objective To establish the method of bacterial endotoxin test for compound sodium lactate injection No.3. Methods The method based on the bacterial endotoxin test in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2005 edition was used. Results Neither inhibition nor enhancement was found in the bacterial eddotoxin interfere factors test after the drug was diluted and the sensitivity of TAL was 0.25 EU/ml. Conclusion The results suggested that bacterial endotoxin test was suitable for the detection of endotoxin in compound sodium lactate injection No.3 and the bacterial endotoxin limit is 0.5 EU/ml.
2011, 29(2): 122-124.
Abstract:
Objective To establish a sample preparation restricted access material (RAM) HPLC method for the quantification of donepezil in human serum. Method The sample was prepocessed by LiChrospher ADS C18 (25 mm × 4 mm,25 μm) as pre-column and analyzed by Microsorb-MV C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm,4 μm ) as analytical column. Acetonitrile to water (991, v/v) was flushing mobile phase with flow rate of 2 ml/min. The mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 4.6, 0.02 M), acetonitril and triethylamine (65350.1, v/v/v) was analytical mobile phase with flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wave was 315 nm. Results The linear range was from 0.02 to 1.0 μg/ml (r=0.999 5). The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were less than 7%, the recoveries were between 87.9%~91.1%. Conclusion The method is accurate, stable and sensitive which could be used to study the pharmacodynamics and bioavailabilty of donepezil.
Objective To establish a sample preparation restricted access material (RAM) HPLC method for the quantification of donepezil in human serum. Method The sample was prepocessed by LiChrospher ADS C18 (25 mm × 4 mm,25 μm) as pre-column and analyzed by Microsorb-MV C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm,4 μm ) as analytical column. Acetonitrile to water (991, v/v) was flushing mobile phase with flow rate of 2 ml/min. The mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 4.6, 0.02 M), acetonitril and triethylamine (65350.1, v/v/v) was analytical mobile phase with flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wave was 315 nm. Results The linear range was from 0.02 to 1.0 μg/ml (r=0.999 5). The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were less than 7%, the recoveries were between 87.9%~91.1%. Conclusion The method is accurate, stable and sensitive which could be used to study the pharmacodynamics and bioavailabilty of donepezil.
2011, 29(2): 125-127.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the stability of procaine hydrochloride injection. Methods Three batches of the test samples were stored in condition of 40±2 centigrade, relative humidity 75%±5% for 0 month,2 months, 4 months and 6 months respectively. Contents of procaine hydrochloride and its degradation product p-amino benzoic acid were determined in procaine hydrochloride injection by RP-HPLC. Results The content of procaine hydrochloride injection gradually decreased by 10% in 6 months, degradation products p-amino benzoic acid gradually increased by 412.89% in 6 months. Conclusion Procaine hydrochloride injection was instability in 40±2 centigrade and 75%±5% relative humidity condition.
Objective To investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the stability of procaine hydrochloride injection. Methods Three batches of the test samples were stored in condition of 40±2 centigrade, relative humidity 75%±5% for 0 month,2 months, 4 months and 6 months respectively. Contents of procaine hydrochloride and its degradation product p-amino benzoic acid were determined in procaine hydrochloride injection by RP-HPLC. Results The content of procaine hydrochloride injection gradually decreased by 10% in 6 months, degradation products p-amino benzoic acid gradually increased by 412.89% in 6 months. Conclusion Procaine hydrochloride injection was instability in 40±2 centigrade and 75%±5% relative humidity condition.
2011, 29(2): 128-130.
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for the detection of bacterial endotoxin in extracts injection from rabbit skin inflamed by vaccinia virus. Methods The interference test was carried out according to the guideline and procedure specified in appendix Ⅺ E, volume two, chinese pharmacopoeia 2010 edition. Results By using tachypleus amebocyte lysates which sensitivity was 0.5 EU/ml, the sample did not interfere with the bacterial endotoxins test when it was diluted 100 times. Conclusion The established method of bacterial endotoxins test for extracts injection from rabbit skin inflamed by vaccinia virus was feasible.
Objective To establish a method for the detection of bacterial endotoxin in extracts injection from rabbit skin inflamed by vaccinia virus. Methods The interference test was carried out according to the guideline and procedure specified in appendix Ⅺ E, volume two, chinese pharmacopoeia 2010 edition. Results By using tachypleus amebocyte lysates which sensitivity was 0.5 EU/ml, the sample did not interfere with the bacterial endotoxins test when it was diluted 100 times. Conclusion The established method of bacterial endotoxins test for extracts injection from rabbit skin inflamed by vaccinia virus was feasible.
2011, 29(2): 131-134,160.
Abstract:
Objective To mine the association rules in and to identify the patterns of the prescription. Methods PASW Modeler 13 was applied to establish Apriori model and analyze the data. Results In 47 132 prescriptions, the drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of some chronic disease were present frequently. Expectorants, cough suppressants and prepared Chinese medicine for "Qing Re Jie Du" played dominant roles in the associations with cephalosporins. Conclusion The data mining technique was able to process and analyze prescription data effectively, which will be widely applicable to drug utilization research.
Objective To mine the association rules in and to identify the patterns of the prescription. Methods PASW Modeler 13 was applied to establish Apriori model and analyze the data. Results In 47 132 prescriptions, the drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of some chronic disease were present frequently. Expectorants, cough suppressants and prepared Chinese medicine for "Qing Re Jie Du" played dominant roles in the associations with cephalosporins. Conclusion The data mining technique was able to process and analyze prescription data effectively, which will be widely applicable to drug utilization research.
2011, 29(2): 135-137.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the system of emergency medical supply and enhance the efficiency of drug supply in emergency. Methods Characteristics of emergency medicine were analyzed, the scope, principles and problems of medicine selection were determined. Results and Conclusion Selection of emergency drugs was the key factors for medical support. In accordance with scientific, rational, efficient and economic selection principles, the drugs could play a stronger supporting function to the whole medical support system.
Objective To investigate the system of emergency medical supply and enhance the efficiency of drug supply in emergency. Methods Characteristics of emergency medicine were analyzed, the scope, principles and problems of medicine selection were determined. Results and Conclusion Selection of emergency drugs was the key factors for medical support. In accordance with scientific, rational, efficient and economic selection principles, the drugs could play a stronger supporting function to the whole medical support system.
2011, 29(2): 138-138,155.
Abstract:
The important factors which ensuring safe drug use of patients was to use drug beyond their expiry date. A method of changing expired drugs back for free which was built up to strengthen the administration in drug validity duration, improvement the security of drug use and acquirement evident social and economic benefits.
The important factors which ensuring safe drug use of patients was to use drug beyond their expiry date. A method of changing expired drugs back for free which was built up to strengthen the administration in drug validity duration, improvement the security of drug use and acquirement evident social and economic benefits.
2011, 29(2): 139-141,145.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the utilization of perioperative antibacterial agents in Fuxing Hospital,and provide references for rational use of drugs in clinic. Methods 161 cases of patients were sampled randomly from the operation cases from June to December,2009. The application of perioperative antibacterial agents was investigated according to Clinical Guidelines for Antibacterial Agents. Results The precautionary use of perioperative antibacterial drugs was 100% among the patients in our hospital, which involves 10 sorts and 19 varieties. The top five are ornidazole, cefuroxime, cefminox, azlocilin, metronidazole. The combined utilization rate of antibacterial agents was 57.76%. The combined utilization rate of typeⅠ was 47.92%. 57.14 percent of the patients started to use antibacterial drugs on 0.5 to 2 h before operation, and the average course of antibacterial drugs utilization was 4.76 d, the longest course was 15 d. Conclusion The rate of perioperative antibacterial drugs utilization and combined utilization were higher. The medication indications were not clear and the application coures was too long which need further standardization management.
Objective To investigate the utilization of perioperative antibacterial agents in Fuxing Hospital,and provide references for rational use of drugs in clinic. Methods 161 cases of patients were sampled randomly from the operation cases from June to December,2009. The application of perioperative antibacterial agents was investigated according to Clinical Guidelines for Antibacterial Agents. Results The precautionary use of perioperative antibacterial drugs was 100% among the patients in our hospital, which involves 10 sorts and 19 varieties. The top five are ornidazole, cefuroxime, cefminox, azlocilin, metronidazole. The combined utilization rate of antibacterial agents was 57.76%. The combined utilization rate of typeⅠ was 47.92%. 57.14 percent of the patients started to use antibacterial drugs on 0.5 to 2 h before operation, and the average course of antibacterial drugs utilization was 4.76 d, the longest course was 15 d. Conclusion The rate of perioperative antibacterial drugs utilization and combined utilization were higher. The medication indications were not clear and the application coures was too long which need further standardization management.
2011, 29(2): 142-145.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the status of drug use of the inpatients, summarize the problems of PASS and raise the related suggestion. Methods PASS-nested "Army Health No.1" hospital information system was used to evaluated the drug utilization in these patients from Jun 1, 2005 to Dec 31, 2009. Results The correction rate of the irrational drug use in medical order rised from 34.30% in 2005 to 75.19% in 2009. The total correction rate was 61.10%. The incidence rate of warned medical orders was 11.76%, reduced from 21.95% in 2005 to 3.53% in 2009. The total rate of irrational drug use was 1.24%, from 1.84% in 2005 down to 0.90% in 2009. Conclusion The total correction rate was increasing and the incidence rate of warned medical orders was decreasing yearly. The drug utilization in the inpatients of our hospital was rational gradually. The PASS played an important role in the clinical rational drug use in our hospital.
Objective To evaluate the status of drug use of the inpatients, summarize the problems of PASS and raise the related suggestion. Methods PASS-nested "Army Health No.1" hospital information system was used to evaluated the drug utilization in these patients from Jun 1, 2005 to Dec 31, 2009. Results The correction rate of the irrational drug use in medical order rised from 34.30% in 2005 to 75.19% in 2009. The total correction rate was 61.10%. The incidence rate of warned medical orders was 11.76%, reduced from 21.95% in 2005 to 3.53% in 2009. The total rate of irrational drug use was 1.24%, from 1.84% in 2005 down to 0.90% in 2009. Conclusion The total correction rate was increasing and the incidence rate of warned medical orders was decreasing yearly. The drug utilization in the inpatients of our hospital was rational gradually. The PASS played an important role in the clinical rational drug use in our hospital.
2011, 29(2): 146-148.
Abstract:
Objective To analysis the medication errors and provide prevention methods. Methods The reason of concrete medication error examples in our hospital were analyzed. The policies to prevent medication errors were put forward. Results and conclusion The flaws of personality elements and manage systems lead to the medication errors. The control policies of culture the staff nature, strengthen management and perfect the medication error should be raised to improve reasonable drug use and the whole hospital pharmaceuticals care.
Objective To analysis the medication errors and provide prevention methods. Methods The reason of concrete medication error examples in our hospital were analyzed. The policies to prevent medication errors were put forward. Results and conclusion The flaws of personality elements and manage systems lead to the medication errors. The control policies of culture the staff nature, strengthen management and perfect the medication error should be raised to improve reasonable drug use and the whole hospital pharmaceuticals care.
2011, 29(2): 149-151.
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by aripipirazole tablets. Methods The reports of ADRs published during 2002~2008 induced by aripipirazole tablets were studied. Results Primary symptoms of ADRs induced by aripipirazole tablets were headache, sleeplessness, anxious, sick,vomiting, hypersomnia, intense and cathisophobia, which were usually occurred in 1~2 weeks. conclusion ADRs induced by aripipirazole tablets have multiple factors which should be highly concerned in clinical use.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by aripipirazole tablets. Methods The reports of ADRs published during 2002~2008 induced by aripipirazole tablets were studied. Results Primary symptoms of ADRs induced by aripipirazole tablets were headache, sleeplessness, anxious, sick,vomiting, hypersomnia, intense and cathisophobia, which were usually occurred in 1~2 weeks. conclusion ADRs induced by aripipirazole tablets have multiple factors which should be highly concerned in clinical use.
2011, 29(2): 153-155.
Abstract:
Species binomial arranged by natural systems to ensure uniform standards of humanity can give a common understanding of life on Earth. Latin name of medicinal plants and crude drugs is an important component of botany and pharmacognosy theory teaching system for the pharmacy undergraduate and is the basic training for plant classification and identification of crude drug. However, there is a widespread phenomenon that both teaching and learning sides do not think highly of knowledge of Latin name in medical university. This article analyzed the reasons for this phenomenon and the resulting impact, combined with providing targeted improvement measures through the teaching experience.
Species binomial arranged by natural systems to ensure uniform standards of humanity can give a common understanding of life on Earth. Latin name of medicinal plants and crude drugs is an important component of botany and pharmacognosy theory teaching system for the pharmacy undergraduate and is the basic training for plant classification and identification of crude drug. However, there is a widespread phenomenon that both teaching and learning sides do not think highly of knowledge of Latin name in medical university. This article analyzed the reasons for this phenomenon and the resulting impact, combined with providing targeted improvement measures through the teaching experience.
2011, 29(2): 156-157.
Abstract:
Analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis are two major courses of pharmacy.Based on the relations of them, the experimental teaching reform of combining the two courses had been done, to the aims of improving teaching effect , cultivating the students' creative ability and optimizing the teaching resources.
Analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis are two major courses of pharmacy.Based on the relations of them, the experimental teaching reform of combining the two courses had been done, to the aims of improving teaching effect , cultivating the students' creative ability and optimizing the teaching resources.
2011, 29(2): 158-160.
Abstract:
In order to strengthen the students' engineering ability, the advanced , scientific contents and various teaching approaches should be adopted in the teaching of pharmaceutical equipment and process design workshop curricula through the scientific and logical arrangement of the teaching contents and methods.The aim of the paper is to improve the students' abilities of study, engineering, innovation and to make a base of adapting to the professional development during probing and reforming the method of study , teaching and innovation.
In order to strengthen the students' engineering ability, the advanced , scientific contents and various teaching approaches should be adopted in the teaching of pharmaceutical equipment and process design workshop curricula through the scientific and logical arrangement of the teaching contents and methods.The aim of the paper is to improve the students' abilities of study, engineering, innovation and to make a base of adapting to the professional development during probing and reforming the method of study , teaching and innovation.
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