2023 Vol. 41, No. 6
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2023, 41(6): 329-334, 392.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202205116
Abstract:
The injury of vascular endothelial cell function is the beginning of the pathological process of atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is closely related to vascular endothelial cell function, which causes the dysfunction of vascular endothelial cell by inducing mitophagy, reducing nitric oxide production, inflammation, cellular metabolic imbalance and apoptosis. Meanwhile, vascular endothelial cell could also maintain their homeostasis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. The molecular signaling pathways of the vascular endothelial cell injury caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathological process of atherosclerosis were outlined in this review, which provided reference for further research on the molecular mechanism between mitochondrial oxidative stress and endothelial damage.
The injury of vascular endothelial cell function is the beginning of the pathological process of atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is closely related to vascular endothelial cell function, which causes the dysfunction of vascular endothelial cell by inducing mitophagy, reducing nitric oxide production, inflammation, cellular metabolic imbalance and apoptosis. Meanwhile, vascular endothelial cell could also maintain their homeostasis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. The molecular signaling pathways of the vascular endothelial cell injury caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathological process of atherosclerosis were outlined in this review, which provided reference for further research on the molecular mechanism between mitochondrial oxidative stress and endothelial damage.
2023, 41(6): 335-340, 357.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202204111
Abstract:
Skin ulcers are the most prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus, and people with diabetic ulcers have a substantially greater death risk than those who do not have ulcers. Herbal medications have gained wide concern in recent years due to their multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic therapeutic effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of herbal treatments in diabetic refractory ulcers. To systematically evaluate the healing effect of herbs on diabetic wounds, a literature search was conducted, the mechanism of action of 15 herbal extracts in promoting diabetic wound healing were reviewed, and the classification based on traditional Chinese medicine theory was discussed, which could provide a reference for the precise treatment and exploitation of herbal medicines for diabetic ulcers.
Skin ulcers are the most prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus, and people with diabetic ulcers have a substantially greater death risk than those who do not have ulcers. Herbal medications have gained wide concern in recent years due to their multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic therapeutic effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of herbal treatments in diabetic refractory ulcers. To systematically evaluate the healing effect of herbs on diabetic wounds, a literature search was conducted, the mechanism of action of 15 herbal extracts in promoting diabetic wound healing were reviewed, and the classification based on traditional Chinese medicine theory was discussed, which could provide a reference for the precise treatment and exploitation of herbal medicines for diabetic ulcers.
2023, 41(6): 341-351, 365.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303008
Abstract:
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) techniques eliminate pathogenic proteins by hijacking the intracellular proteolysis machinery which includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the lysosomal degradation pathway, holding promise to overcome the limitations of traditional inhibitors and further broaden the target space including many “undruggable” targets, and provide new targeted treatments for drug discovery. In this review, recent advances in a variety of promising TPD strategies were summarized, such as proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), molecular glue, lysosome-targeting chimaera (LYTAC), autophagosome-tethering compound (ATTEC), autophagy-targeting chimera AUTAC and AUTOTAC, particularly. The representative case studies, potential applications and challenges were analyzed.
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) techniques eliminate pathogenic proteins by hijacking the intracellular proteolysis machinery which includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the lysosomal degradation pathway, holding promise to overcome the limitations of traditional inhibitors and further broaden the target space including many “undruggable” targets, and provide new targeted treatments for drug discovery. In this review, recent advances in a variety of promising TPD strategies were summarized, such as proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), molecular glue, lysosome-targeting chimaera (LYTAC), autophagosome-tethering compound (ATTEC), autophagy-targeting chimera AUTAC and AUTOTAC, particularly. The representative case studies, potential applications and challenges were analyzed.
2023, 41(6): 352-357.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202112019
Abstract:
Candida albicans is one of the most common species of Candida, which is an important cause of invasive candidiasis in clinic. Due to the frequently use of classical antifungal agents, there are amounts of drug resistant C. albicans being isolated, causing the significantly decreasing of the efficacy of some antifungal agents in clinical treatment. Besides, the use of some compounds in clinic has been limited because of their toxicities. In such a context, drug combination therapy shows great potential on antifungal because of the synergy of different drugs or therapeutic methods that could bring, which could improve the weaknesses of single drug.
Candida albicans is one of the most common species of Candida, which is an important cause of invasive candidiasis in clinic. Due to the frequently use of classical antifungal agents, there are amounts of drug resistant C. albicans being isolated, causing the significantly decreasing of the efficacy of some antifungal agents in clinical treatment. Besides, the use of some compounds in clinic has been limited because of their toxicities. In such a context, drug combination therapy shows great potential on antifungal because of the synergy of different drugs or therapeutic methods that could bring, which could improve the weaknesses of single drug.
2023, 41(6): 358-365.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111008
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method and study the pharmacokinetics for concentration determination of effective components in Xiakucao Xiaoliu mixture in Normal Rat Plasma By LC-MS/MS. Methods The mobile phase was methanol-water (0.1% formic acid) system under the positive ion mode of C18 chromatographic column, gradient elution was adopted, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. In the negative ion mode, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid) system, gradient elution, with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, syringic acid, rutin in positive ion mode and Atractylodes lactone II and Atractylodes lactone III in negative ion mode were respectively determined. Normal rats were intragastrically given Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture 7.8 ml/kg, and blood was taken from the orbit at different time points after the administration. The blood concentration was determined by the validated LC-MS/MS method and the non-standard DAS2.0 software was used. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rats after administration were calculated by the compartment model. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters belonged to non atrioventricular model. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the four main anti-cancer active ingredients of Caffeic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Syringic acid and Atractylodes Ⅲ in rats after administration of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture were significantly different from those reported in the literature after the administration of monomers. Conclusion The established method was simple, accurate and sensitive, which could be suitable for the content determination of effective components in Xiakucao Xiaoliu mixture in Normal Rat Plasma, which would be a valuable information for the study on main anticancer active substances.
2023, 41(6): 366-371.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202207036
Abstract:
Objectives To provide scientific basis for the quality control of different species of Baishouwu by establishing the HPLC fingerprint of domestic of Baishouwu and determining the main active components of acetophenones. Methods HPLC-DAD method was used to determine the HPLC fingerprints of domestic of Baishouwu. Then, the content of 4 kinds of acetophenones in Baishouwu was determined. The column was Diamonsil C18（250mm×4.6mm, 5μm）with the mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength of p-Hydroxyl acetophenone, baishouwu benzophenone, 2',4'-Dihydroxy acetophenone was set at 260 nm and 2',5'-Dihydroxy acetophenone at 280 nm respectively. Results The similarity and cluster analysis in HPLC fingerprint showed that the constituents were significantly different among C. bungei, C. auriculatum and C. wilfordii. The content of total acetophenones in C. wilfordii was significantly higher than that in other localities of C. auriculatum and C. bungei. Conclusions Acetophenone could be used as the evaluation index to evaluate the quality of Baishouwu in different origins. The content of total acetophenone in C. wilfordii is the highest, which could be used as the best quality resource of Baishouwu.
2023, 41(6): 372-376.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202209085
Abstract:
Objective To compare the contents variation of six flavonoids includingdaidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein and genisteinin black beans, semifinished and finished Sojae Semen Praeparatum．Methods The contents of flavonoids were determined by HPLC, the condition were Diamonsil C18 column (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm) , column temperature 30 ℃, detection wavelength 260 nm, mobile phase 0.2% acetic acid water (A) - methanol (B), gradient elution, flow rate 1.0 ml/min． Results The linearity of this method to determine 6 isoflavones was good (r≥0.9993) within the determination range, and the recovery rate met the requirements. The RSD of precision, repeatability and stability experiment was less than 4%, 3%and 3%. The results of HPLC showed that the contents of six flavonoidsin Sojae Semen Praeparatum increased significantly compared with black beans. And, the contents of six flavonoids in finished Sojae Semen Praeparatum were slightly more than those in semifinished Sojae Semen Praeparatum. Conclusion The HPLC method established in this study could accurately determine the content of 6 isoflavones in Sojae Semen Praeparatum. The content of six isoflavones in black beans could be increased by the fermentation, and the combined isoflavones were transformed into free isoflavones during the fermentation process.
2023, 41(6): 377-379.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202212040
Abstract:
Objective To sort out the key points, problems and countermeasures of data verification through data verification of statistical analysis in 18 bioequivalence studies, and provide reference for improving the statistical analysis reports of related research. Methods SAS and WinNonlin software was used to illustrate that whether the random number tables, main pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence data could reproduce the corresponding results in the original statistical analysis reports. Results Among the 18 studies, sensitivity analysis was supplemented or re-performed for 5 studies due to sampling time deviation of individual subjects or adjustment of sensitivity data sets, resulting in differences in pharmacokinetic parameters from the original statistical analysis report, but same for the bioequivalence evaluation. Other verified data was consistent with the original statistical analysis reports. Conclusions The verification of statistical analysis data of bioequivalence studies is extremely important, and the problems found in this paper should be fully considered when writing such statistical analysis reports.
2023, 41(6): 380-384.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202210049
Abstract:
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiangshabanxia nano-paste on nausea and vomiting in end-stage patients and its effect on the quality-of-life (QOL) in cancer patients. Methods 120 end-stage patients with nausea and vomiting symptoms above grade III were randomly divided into observation group and control group. They were treated with Jiangshabanxia nano-paste and placebo paste respectively. The paste patch was changed every 24 hours and used continuously for 7 days. The nausea and vomiting symptom score, the quality-of-life measurement score and KPS score of cancer patients in the two groups were observed to evaluate the curative effect. Results After 7 days of treatment, the symptom scores of nausea and vomiting in the observation group decreased significantly, the KPS score of the observation group increased, and the effective rate was higher than that in the control group. The score of QOL measurement showed that after treatment, the score of main symptom areas and other symptom areas (except external dyspnea, diarrhea and economic difficulties) in the observation group decreased, and the score of overall health area increased. After treatment, the score of main symptom areas and other symptom areas (except external dyspnea, diarrhea and economic difficulties) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the scores of overall health area in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion Jiangshabanxia nano-paste has a good clinical efficacy nausea and vomiting in end-stage patients, it also can improve the quality of life end-stage cancer patients.
2023, 41(6): 385-388.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202202026
Abstract:
Objective To establish the drug use evaluation ( DUE) of Dolasetron, evaluate the rationality of the clinical use of Dolasetron and provide a reference for the rationally clinical use of Dolasetron． Methods On the basis of Dolasetron DUE criteria, a retrospective analysis was made in 794 hospitalized patients from January 2021 to June 2021. Results The drug use evaluation criterion on Dolasetron consisted of drug indications, drug use process, the result of drug use and indication management. Conclusion There are some inappropriate medication problems in Dolasetron utilization in the hospital. The DUE criterion is very practical which could be used to standardize the clinical utilization of Dolasetron.
2023, 41(6): 389-392.
doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202106003
Abstract:
Objective To construct the auxiliary system of outpatient drug distribution, reduce errors and improve the quality of outpatient pharmaceutical service. Methods The bar code technology was used to independently develop outpatient pharmacy dispensing assistant system. The system design and function are introduced. The practical application effect of the system was evaluated on dispensing errors, efficiency and pharmacist evaluation. Results Based on the special network environment of the hospital, the system integrated the functions of drug check, prescription right management, expiration date management and medication instruction. After using the system, the number of dispensing errors decreased from 84 to 25. The waiting time for patients to receive medicine decreased by 151 seconds. All pharmacists surveyed agreed that auxiliary system was helpful to pharmacists’ work. Conclusion The system reduced the medication dispensing error in outpatient pharmacy, improved work efficiency and the quality of pharmaceutical care.
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