-
2019年12月以来,世界各地先后出现了新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”,COVID-19)疫情,中国政府及时采取有效的举措,使我国疫情得到有效控制。新冠肺炎是一种急性呼吸道传染病,根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定为乙类传染病,按照甲类传染病管理。在我国战胜新冠肺炎疫情过程中,中医药发挥了重要作用,本文对中药防治新冠肺炎进行概述。
Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with Traditional Chinese Medicine
-
摘要: 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是由新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的以发热、乏力、干咳为主要表现的急性呼吸道传染病。此次疫情,中医药在防治新冠肺炎中起到了重要作用。本文概述了新冠肺炎的发病机制,中医药辨证论治以及抗病毒中药、抗炎中药、免疫调节中药的应用前景,尤其是一些具有双向调节作用中药的应用,以期为新冠肺炎的预防和治疗提供科学思路。Abstract: The novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute respiratory infectious disease mainly manifested by fever, fatigue and dry cough, caused by new coronavirus 2019-nCoV infection(COVID-19). Traditional Chinese Medicine played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 during this breakout. This article reviews the clinical treatments of SARS-CoV-2 with TCM, the pathogenesis of COVID-19, dialectical treatment with TCM, and the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory effects of TCM. Some TCM with dual immuno-modulatory effects draw special attention, which may shed light on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
-
Key words:
- Traditional Chinese Medicine /
- SARS-CoV-2 /
- pneumonia /
- immune regulation
-
[1] WANG D W, HU B, HU C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China[J]. JAMA,2020. [2] ZHOU P, YANG X L, WANG X G, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin[J]. Nature,2020,579(7798):270-273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 [3] ZHU N, ZHANG D Y, WANG W L, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019[J]. N Engl J Med,2020,382(8):727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017 [4] WU F, ZHAO S, YU B, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China[J]. Nature,2020,579(7798):265-269. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 [5] 王君平.《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)》公布, 清肺排毒汤入选抗疫, 中医药添加新力量[N].人民日报, 2020-03-12(13). [6] 路俊仙, 梁瑞雪, 林慧彬. 金银花抗流感病毒作用研究进展[J]. 现代中药研究与实践, 2018, 32(5):77-81. [7] 贾伟, 毛淑敏, 张盼盼, 等. 金银花多糖体内抗病毒作用研究[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2018, 20(6):25-27. [8] ZHOU Z, LI X H, LIU J X, et al. Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly targets influenza A viruses[J]. Cell Res,2015,25(1):39-49. doi: 10.1038/cr.2014.130 [9] WEI W Y, DU H X, SHAO C Y, et al. Screening of antiviral components of Ma Huang Tang and investigation on the Ephedra alkaloids efficacy on influenza virus type A[J]. Front Pharmacol,2019,10:961. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00961 [10] HYUGA S, HYUGA M, OSHIMA N, et al. Ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract: a safer alternative to Ephedra with comparable analgesic, anticancer, and anti-influenza activities[J]. J Nat Med,2016,70(3):571-583. doi: 10.1007/s11418-016-0979-z [11] 扬克文, 张军. 黄芩根中抗流感A(H3N2)和B病毒的黄酮类成分5,7,4′-羟基-8-甲氧基黄酮[J]. 国外医学(中医中药分册), 1996, 18(3):46. [12] CHEN F, CHAN K H, JIANG Y, et al. In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds[J]. J Clin Virol,2004,31(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.03.003 [13] 吴彤, 牛姝力, 白梅. 黄芩苷对流感病毒PR8感染小鼠内质网应激反应的干预作用[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2017, 12(6):553-556, 559. [14] DING Y, DOU J, TENG Z J, et al. Antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus in cell culture and in mice and its inhibition of neuraminidase[J]. Arch Virol,2014,159(12):3269-3278. doi: 10.1007/s00705-014-2192-2 [15] SU Z Z, DOU J, XU Z P, et al. A novel inhibitory mechanism of baicalein on influenza A/FM1/1/47(H1N1) virus: interference with mid-late mRNA synthesis in cell culture[J]. Chin J Nat Med,2012,10(6):415-420. [16] HOUR M J, HUANG S H, CHANG C Y, et al. Baicalein, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibit the neuraminidase activity of pandemic 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza A viruses[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2013,2013:750803. [17] SU W, XU H F, HANG H. In vitro anti-influenza A H1N1 effect of extract of Bupleuri Radix[J]. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol,2011,33(3):433-437. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2010.527985 [18] 张美玲, 李峰, 王聪聪, 等. 连翘抗病毒作用研究进展[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2016, 18(10):130-132. [19] 陈杲, 广慧敏, 李立, 等. 连花清瘟颗粒/胶囊治疗甲型H1N1流感作用机理的网络生物学分析[J]. 中医杂志, 2014, 55(8):703-707. [20] 段林建, 张清, 王农荣, 等. 连翘苷对甲型流感病毒核蛋白基因表达的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2012, 15(18):2082-2084. [21] WANG X F, HAO O M, WANG W L, et al. Evaluation of the use of different solvents to extract the four main components of Yinqiaosan and their in vitro inhibitory effects on influenza-A virus[J]. Kaohsiung J Med Sci,2010,26(4):182-191. doi: 10.1016/S1607-551X(10)70027-9 [22] 罗旋, 沈霞, 胡本祥. 基于分子对接方法进行金银花、连翘抗流感病毒H7N9的研究[J]. 现代中医药, 2016, 36(2):75-78. [23] 黄筱钧. 甘草体外抗呼吸道合胞病毒的作用及机制[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2015, 35(9):2315-2317. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2015.09.005 [24] NOMURA T, FUKUSHI M, ODA K, et al. Effects of traditional kampo drugs and their constituent crude drugs on influenza virus replication in vitro : suppression of viral protein synthesis by glycyrrhizae Radix[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2019,2019:3230906. [25] LIU F, CAO W, DENG C, et al. Polyphenolic glycosides isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors[J]. Chem Cent J,2016,10:51. doi: 10.1186/s13065-016-0192-x [26] LI Y C, PENG S Z, CHEN H M, et al. Oral administration of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba augments protection against influenza viral infection in mice[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2012,12(1):294-301. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.007 [27] 王意忠, 崔晓兰, 高英杰, 等. 栀子提取物抗病毒试验研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2006, 31(14):1176-1178. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-5302.2006.14.013 [28] 王刚, 孙丹丹, 耿子凯, 等. 穿心莲抗病毒作用研究进展[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2019, 21(7):108-111. [29] 王思源, 平静, 谢宁, 等. 穿心莲内酯磺化物体外抗流感病毒药效学研究[J]. 中南药学, 2013, 11(5):331-334. doi: 10.7539/j.issn.1672-2981.2013.05.003 [30] 冯晓敏. 喜炎平注射液联合扎那米韦治疗甲型H1N1流感的临床研究[J]. 北方药学, 2017, 14(2):119-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8351.2017.02.103 [31] 季晓, 宣槐斌, 黄宝康. 明党参活性成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 药学实践杂志, 2015, 33(2):102-105, 137. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.002 [32] QUAN F S, COMPANS R W, CHO Y K, et al. Ginseng and Salviae herbs play a role as immune activators and modulate immune responses during influenza virus infection[J]. Vaccine,2007,25(2):272-282. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.041 [33] 李钦, 胡继宏, 高博, 等. 黄芪多糖在免疫调节方面的最新研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2017, 23(2):199-206. [34] 王玉凤, 凤良元, 鄢顺琴, 等. 楮实子对环磷酰胺致免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能的影响[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2008, 26(5):1023-1025. [35] 韩锐, 贾立华, 刘泽源, 等. 几种常见免疫抑制剂的研究进展[J]. 中国药业, 2011, 20(13):1-4. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2011.13.001 [36] 李覃, 陈虹, 梅昕, 等. 青蒿素的免疫抑制作用及其调控机制研究[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2011, 27(6):848-854. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2011.06.026 [37] 陈秋莹, 詹剑华. 中药免疫调节作用及其研究进展[J]. 江西医药, 2019, 54(2):181-184. [38] 李玉卿, 朱月春, 赵文娟, 等. 三七总皂苷免疫调节作用研究进展[J]. 云南中医中药杂志, 2015, 36(6):96-98. [39] LEMMON H R, SHAM J, CHAU L A, et al. High molecular weight polysaccharides are key immunomodulators in North American ginseng extracts: characterization of the ginseng genetic signature in primary human immune cells[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2012,142(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.004 [40] 毛淑敏, 许家珍, 焦方文, 等. 金银花多糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2016, 18(2):18-20. [41] 侯会娜, 曾耀英, 黄秀艳, 等. 金银花提取物对小鼠淋巴细胞体外活化与增殖的影响[J]. 免疫学杂志, 2008, 24(2):178-180, 183. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8861.2008.02.016 [42] 李立, 杜雅薇, 寇爽, 等. 金银花、连翘对甲型H1N1流感免疫调节通路影响的生物信息学分析[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2017, 23(10):201-204. [43] 李玲, 吴佳敏, 欧阳建军, 等. 抗流感病毒性肺炎的有效中药复方筛选及机制研究[J]. 中国免疫学杂志, 2018, 34(8):1168-1173. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2018.08.009 [44] HUANG C L, WANG Y M, LI X W, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 [45] FANG Y C, ZHANG H Q, XU Y Y, et al. CT manifestations of two cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia[J]. Radiology,2020,295(1):208-209. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200280 [46] LIU Q, ZHOU Y H, YANG Z Q. The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy[J]. Cell Mol Immunol,2016,13(1):3-10. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.74 [47] 操秀英, 杨朝晖. 中药治疗新冠肺炎在动物模型上证实有效——总书记关心的科研攻关进展(一)[N]. 科技日报, 2020-03-05(2). [48] JI Y, WANG T, WEI Z F, et al. Paeoniflorin, the main active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora roots, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing the synthesis of type I collagen[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2013,149(3):825-832. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.017 [49] 宋亚玲, 王红梅, 倪付勇, 等. 金银花中酚酸类成分及其抗炎活性研究[J]. 中草药, 2015, 46(4):490-495. doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2015.04.006 [50] PARK K I, KANG S R, PARK H S, et al. Regulation of proinflammatory mediators via NF-κB and p38 MAPK-dependent mechanisms in RAW 264.7 macrophages by polyphenol components isolated from Korea Lonicera japonica THUNB[J]. Evid - Based Complementary Altern Med,2012,2012:1-10.
计量
- 文章访问数: 8256
- HTML全文浏览量: 2817
- PDF下载量: 88
- 被引次数: 0