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Volume 39 Issue 2
Mar.  2021
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LIU Hang, LI Anpeng, ZHAO Qinjie, XU Wei. Synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(2): 130-133. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101006
Citation: LIU Hang, LI Anpeng, ZHAO Qinjie, XU Wei. Synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(2): 130-133. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101006

Synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101006
  • Received Date: 2021-01-03
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-03-16
  • Available Online: 2021-03-31
  • Publish Date: 2021-03-25
  •   Objective  To establish the chemical synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea.  Methods  β-D-pentaacetylglucose, 1-hydroxy-2,3,4-triacetylarabinose and cinnamyl alcohol were used as starting materials. The target compound was prepared by 1-position selective of β-D-pentaacetylglucose deacetylation, glycosylation reaction, glucose 6-OH selective protection and deprotection and other 8-step reactions.  Results  The target product, rosavage, was successfully obtained with high yield. The structure was confirmed by ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The protection of 6-OH with high selectivity and high yield of tert-butyldiphenyl chlorosilane played a vital role in the synthesis process,.  Conclusion  The synthetic route has the advantages of simple operation, high yield, and good safety.
  • [1] 侯奋争, 姚桂彬, 徐伟, 等. 高山红景天首次分离的化合物(Ⅰ)[J]. 中国现代中药, 2009, 11(4):18-20.
    [2] 于冬建. 红景天药理学研究及临床作用新进展[J]. 中医临床研究, 2020, 12(18):136-138.
    [3] 刘素欣, 张露, 崔承弼. 红景天提取物的降血糖作用研究[J]. 延边大学农学学报, 2020, 42(2):21-26.
    [4] LI X D, KANG S T, LI G Y, et al. Synthesis of some phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) and their acetylcholinesterase/xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities[J]. Molecules,2011,16(5):3580. doi:  10.3390/molecules16053580
    [5] ABEYRATHNE A R N M, PERERA A D L C, KARUNARATNE D N. Liquid crystal behaviour of three novel glycosides[J]. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka,2012,40(2):115. doi:  10.4038/jnsfsr.v40i2.4439
    [6] ZHANG Q, PENG X R, GRILLEY M, et al. Using fluorogenic probes for the investigation of selective biomass degradation by fungi[J]. Green Chem,2015,17(3):1918-1925. doi:  10.1039/C4GC01659A
    [7] CMOCH P, PAKULSKI Z. Comparative investigations on the regioselective mannosylation of 2, 3, 4-triols of mannose[J]. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry,2008,19(12):1494-1503. doi:  10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.05.032
    [8] DE SOUZA A, HALKES K, MEELDIJK J, et al. Synthesis of gold glyconanoparticles: possible probes for the exploration of carbohydrate-mediated self-recognition of marine sponge cells[J]. Eur J Org Chem,2004,2004(21):4323-4339. doi:  10.1002/ejoc.200400255
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Synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101006

Abstract:   Objective  To establish the chemical synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea.  Methods  β-D-pentaacetylglucose, 1-hydroxy-2,3,4-triacetylarabinose and cinnamyl alcohol were used as starting materials. The target compound was prepared by 1-position selective of β-D-pentaacetylglucose deacetylation, glycosylation reaction, glucose 6-OH selective protection and deprotection and other 8-step reactions.  Results  The target product, rosavage, was successfully obtained with high yield. The structure was confirmed by ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The protection of 6-OH with high selectivity and high yield of tert-butyldiphenyl chlorosilane played a vital role in the synthesis process,.  Conclusion  The synthetic route has the advantages of simple operation, high yield, and good safety.

LIU Hang, LI Anpeng, ZHAO Qinjie, XU Wei. Synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(2): 130-133. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101006
Citation: LIU Hang, LI Anpeng, ZHAO Qinjie, XU Wei. Synthesis of the active ingredient rosavin of Rhodiola rosea[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(2): 130-133. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101006
  • 络塞维(rosavin)是从中国药用植物红景天的根和茎中提取的独特化学成分[1],主要用于抗疲劳、抗缺氧、缓解压力、降血糖、提高工作能力效率和治疗神经系统的功能性疾病[2-3]。传统的络塞维获取方法主要是从红景天植物中分离提纯得到,但由于络塞维在红景天中的含量极低,且分离难度大,由于原材料的差异,含量也各有不同。鉴于天然络塞维的获取难度极大,而且价格昂贵,因此,开发一种廉价、简单、高收率的络塞维合成方法具有重大意义。本实验以廉价的葡萄糖、阿拉伯吡喃糖、肉桂醇为起始原料,经合成络思为其中一个中间体[4],然后,对络思葡萄糖6位羟基以叔丁基二苯基硅基进行高选择性保护,再乙酰化保护2,3,4位羟基,选择性脱去6位叔丁基二苯基硅基作为糖基化受体,三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯为糖苷化催化剂,1-O-三氯亚胺酯三乙酰阿拉伯糖为供体,实现了络塞维的全合成,合成路线如图1所示。

  • β-D-五乙酰葡萄糖、四乙酰阿拉伯糖、肉桂醇、三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅脂、水合肼、甲醇钠等试剂均为分析纯,购买于上海阿达玛斯试剂有限公司。旋转蒸发仪、磁力搅拌器(德国艾卡仪器设备有限公司);低温冷阱(上海豫康科技有限公司);天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司);AC-P600型核磁共振仪(Bruker-Spectrospin);LC/MSD-iQ型质谱仪(安捷伦)。

  • 将β-D-五乙酰葡萄糖780 g(2 mol)加入到800 ml的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入乙酸133 g(2.2 mol),冷却至0 ℃,滴加水合肼110 g(2.2 mol),滴加完毕后,升至室温反应,用薄层色谱法(TLC)检测反应进行程度,反应完毕后,加入1 mol/L盐酸300 ml淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯(EA)萃取,饱和碳酸钠洗涤,干燥后蒸干,得无色油状物,快速硅胶柱层析得化合物(1)640 g,收率92%。1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.28 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 5.47~5.33(m, 1H), 5.24 (t, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (dd, J = 10.3、3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 4.04 (dd, J = 15.5, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.01 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H)。13C -NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 170.54, 170.17, 170.09 ~ 170.00 (4 C), 169.78, 89.50, 71.29, 69.85, 68.98, 66.76, 62.61, 20.88. ESI-MS C14H20O10 Na [M+Na]+ m/z=371.0951。

  • 将四乙酰葡萄糖216 g(620 mmol)溶于350 ml无水二氯甲烷中,加入三氯乙腈160 g(1117 mmol),搅拌均匀,冷却至0 ℃,滴加1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, DBU)9.4 g(62 mmol),升至室温,反应3 h,TLC检测反应完毕,蒸干,石油醚:乙酸乙酯(2:1)快速硅胶柱层析,得无色油状化合物(2)265 g,收率87%。1H-NMR (CDCl3, δ): 6.60 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz, H-1), 5.54 (1H, t, J = 9.3 Hz, H-4), 5.30~5.10 (2H, 宽峰, H-2, H-3), 4.30~4.00 (3H, m, H-5, H2-6), 2.14~ 1.95 (12H, COCH3)。13C-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 170.5, 169.8, 169.7, 169.6, 159.7, 90.5, 71.2 (2 C), 67.8, 68.8, 65.4, 62.0, 21.0, 20.7, 20.65, 20.6。ESI-MS C16H20Cl3NO10Na [M+Na]+ m/z=514.0065。

  • 将化合物(2)170 g(346 mmol)溶于1 L无水二氯甲烷中,加入肉桂醇70 g(520 mmol),搅拌下加入4 Å分子筛100 g,室温下搅拌30 min,然后冷却至0 ℃,滴加三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅8 g(34.6 mmol),室温搅拌反应过夜,TLC检测反应完毕后,过滤,滤液加饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸干,快速硅胶柱层析得化合物(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(cinna-myloxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate(3)131 g (282 mmol),收率82%,mp.81~83 ℃。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.47 ~ 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J = 8.4、7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.29 ~ 7.26 (m, 1H), 6.60 (dd, J = 16.0、1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.43 ~ 6.23 (m, 1H), 5.31 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 ~ 4.89 (m, 2H), 4.84 (dd, J = 9.7、8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (ddd, J = 13.3、5.5、1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.30 ~ 4.18 (m, 2H), 4.10 ~ 3.98 (m, 2H), 2.03 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 6H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H)。13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 170.51, 170.01, 169.74, 169.53, 136.71, 132.28, 129.11 (2 C), 128.24, 126.84 (2 C), 125.89, 99.18, 72.59, 71.51, 71.08, 69.57, 68.72, 62.23, 20.94, 20.88, 20.83, 20.73。ESI-MS C23H32NO10 [M+NH4]+ m/z=482.2030。将化合物(3)131 g (282 mmol)溶于1 L无水甲醇中,加入甲醇钠5 g,回流1 h,TLC检测反应完毕后,加入醋酸淬灭,然后蒸干甲醇,二氯甲烷∶甲醇-6∶1硅胶柱层析纯化,得化合物(4)78.4 g,收率95.2%。1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.43 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dt, J = 16.0, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.49 ~4.34 (m, 1H), 4.28 ~ 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.68 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (dd, J = 11.7, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.17 ~ 2.93 (m, 4H)。13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 136.97, 131.70, 129.09 (2 C), 128.05, 126.82, 126.77 (2 C), 102.61, 77.39, 77.22, 73.98, 70.57, 69.00, 61.58。ESI-MS C16H21O8[M+COOH]- m/z=341.1253。

  • 将化合物(4)57 g(200 mmol)溶于吡啶中,冷却到0 ℃,然后分批加入叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷(TBDPSCl)52 g(200 mmol),加毕后升至室温,搅拌过夜,TLC检测,反应完毕,蒸干,硅胶柱层析得化合物(5)96.1 g,收率93.2%。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.76 ~ 7.67 (m, 4H), 7.49 ~7.39 (m, 9H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (dt, J = 16.0, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.53 ~ 4.41 (m, 1H), 4.31 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (dd, J = 13.7, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.02 ~ 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J = 11.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.36 ~ 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.24 ~ 3.16 (m, 2H), 3.08 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 1.02 (s, 9H)。13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 136.88, 135.64 (2 C), 135.59 (2 C), 133.87, 133.76, 131.82, 130.21, 130.18, 129.09 (3 C), 128.23 (3 C), 128.08, 126.75 (3 C), 102.44, 77.22, 77.11, 73.93, 70.26, 68.75, 64.24, 27.06 (3 C), 19.40。ESI-MS C31H42NO6Si [M+NH4] +m/z=552.2781。

  • 将化合物(5)96.1 g(180 mmol)加入300 ml醋酐,3 g二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP),室温反应6~8 h。TLC检测反应完毕后,蒸干溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯溶解,加入1 mol/L盐酸洗涤,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,然后氯化钠洗涤,快速硅胶柱层析,得化合物(6)105 g,收率89%。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.70 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.51 ~ 7.40 (m, 9H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dt, J = 16.0、5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (t, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.88 ~ 4.79 (m, 1H), 4.44 (dd, J = 13.4、5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J = 13.4, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J = 12.5、2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.96 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 6H), 1.00 (s, 9H)。13C NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 170.09, 169.58, 169.44, 136.68, 135.69 (2 C), 135.59 (2 C), 133.32, 133.06, 132.15, 130.34, 129.09 (2 C), 128.31 (6 C), 126.83 (2 C), 125.97, 99.08, 73.58, 73.05, 71.61, 69.18, 68.41, 62.46, 26.92 (3 C), 20.95, 20.86 (2 C), 19.32。ESI-MS C37H48NO9Si [M+NH4] +m/z=678.3135。

  • 将化合物(6)66 g(100 mmol)溶于300 ml四氢呋喃中,搅拌溶解后,0 ℃下加入吡啶40 ml、48%氢氟酸(30 ml),然后室温搅拌,TLC跟踪监测,反应完毕后,加入1 L乙酸乙酯,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,1 mol/L盐酸洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,硅胶柱层析纯化,得化合物(7)35.8 g,收率84%。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.45 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dt, J = 16.0, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.42 ~ 5.14 (m, 1H), 4.94 (t, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 4.88 ~ 4.80 (m, 2H), 4.45 (dd, J = 13.5, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J = 13.5, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J = 9.7、5.2、2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (dd, J = 12.0、1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (dd, J = 12.1、5.3 Hz, 1H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 170.08, 169.70, 169.55, 136.74, 132.12, 129.10 (2 C), 128.20, 126.83 (2 C), 125.97, 99.22, 74.22, 73.13, 71.69, 69.39, 69.10, 60.52, 20.94 (2 C), 20.81。ESI-MS C21H30NO9 [M+NH4]+ m/z=440.1922。

  • 将1-羟基-2,3,4-三乙酰阿拉伯吡喃糖276 g(1000 mmol)溶于800 ml无水二氯甲烷中,加入三氯乙腈216 g(1500 mmol),搅拌均匀,冷却至0 ℃,滴加二氮杂二环(DBU)18 g(120 mmol),升至室温,反应3 h,TLC检测反应完毕,蒸干,石油醚:乙酸乙酯(2:1)快速硅胶柱层析,得无色油状物化合物(8)322 g,收率76%。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 9.88 (s, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.42 ~ 5.38 (m, 1H), 5.30 (dd, J = 10.7、3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (dd, J = 10.8、3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (dd, J = 13.4、2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO, δ) 170.27, 170.24, 170.05, 158.69, 93.46 (2 C), 68.34, 67.26, 66.99, 63.06, 21.07, 20.89, 20.71。ESI-MS C13H20Cl3N2O8 [M+NH4]+ m/z=443.9826。

  • 将化合物(7)42 g(100 mmol)、化合物(8)63 g(150 mmol)溶于500 ml无水二氯甲烷中,加入4Å分子筛100 g,氮气保护,室温下搅拌30 min,然后冷却到0 ℃,滴加三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸酯(TMSOTf)2.2 g(10 mmol),然后升至室温反应,TLC跟踪监测。反应完毕后,加入少量三乙胺淬灭反应,1 mol/L盐酸洗涤,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸干,得乙酰络塞维,无须纯化,直接进行下一步反应。将乙酰络塞维粗品62 g(90 mmol)溶于无水甲醇中,溶解,再加甲醇钠5 g,回流3 h,反应完毕后,加入醋酸淬灭,然后蒸干甲醇,C-18液相分离,得白色固体络塞维32 g,两步收率75.7%,mp.171~173 ℃。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 7.43 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.27 ~ 7.19 (m, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J = 16.0、3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.44 ~ 6.26 (m, 1H), 5.08 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.00 ~ 4.92 (m, 2H), 4.82 (dd, J = 13.2、3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (ddd, J = 13.2、5.3、1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (dd, J = 11.1、4.9 Hz, 3H), 3.93 (dd, J = 11.3、1.7 Hz, 1H), 3.84 ~ 3.69 (m, 1H), 3.69 ~ 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.57 ~ 3.27 (m, 8H), 3.14 (td, J = 8.9、4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.08 ~ 2.96 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ) 136.98, 131.98, 129.08 (2 C), 128.05, 126.80 (2 C), 126.70, 103.98, 102.37, 77.09, 76.15, 73.89, 73.01, 71.02, 70.66, 68.93, 68.61, 67.79, 65.31。ESI-MS C20H28O10Na [M+Na]+ m/z=451.1580。

  • 本研究所用的合成方法以β-D-五乙酰基葡萄糖和阿拉伯吡喃糖为起始原料,合成1-O-三氯亚胺酯-2,3,4,6四乙酰葡萄糖、1-O-三氯亚胺酯-2,3,4,三乙酰阿拉伯糖为高活性糖基化供体,合成络思为中间体,经选择性保护和脱保护后,以三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅脂为糖苷化反应催化剂合成络塞维,此方法较三氟化硼乙醚糖基化收率更高[5],比碳酸银、三氟甲磺酸银[6]催化溴代四乙酰葡萄糖的方法更为简单,无需避光操作,而且原料便宜,成本更低,合成过程中无高危险性反应。三氯亚胺酯为活化基团的供体,较端位乙酰基糖为活化基团供体的糖基化反应收率更高。在葡萄糖6位-OH的选择性保护上,叔丁基二苯基硅基[7, 8]以足够的空间位阻,具有高效的选择性,稳定性较好,较-Li[4]用三苯甲基保护更有优势,而且后期选择性脱除简单,极大简化了合成过程,提高了合成中间体的反应收率。本方法合成络塞维工艺简单,合成路径短,生产成本低,原料便宜,安全性高,污染少,收率高,适合于络塞维的规模性放大生产。

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